Chinese idiom · 成语
后发制人
Meaning
To act later and control; to gain advantage by waiting.
Character by character
Origin and story
Classical military discussionThe Yibing chapter of the Xunzi presents a military debate before King Xiaocheng of Zhao. Lord Linwu stresses favorable conditions, watching the enemy, and moving after an opponent while arriving first. Xunzi challenges his priorities, arguing that successful warfare fundamentally depends on winning the people's allegiance.
The later expression summarizes the tactical idea of allowing the other side to make the first move and then responding effectively. The relevant statement belongs to Lord Linwu within a debate, rather than being an uncontested maxim spoken by Xunzi. In modern use, it suggests a considered counter-move, not mere inactivity or a guarantee that waiting will bring success.
Sources and further reading
In everyday life
对方还没有公布价格，我们可以先观察，再后发制人。
The other side hasn't announced its prices yet; we can watch first and then gain the advantage with our response.
Used for deliberate counter-strategy, not simply doing something late.